A high performance lithium-ion battery using LiNa0.02K0.01FePO4/C as cathode material and anatase TiO2 nanotube arrays as anode material

In this paper we report on a lithium ion battery (LIB) based on improved olivine lithium iron phosphate/carbon (LiFePO4/C) as cathode material and LiNa0.02K0.01FePO4/C  synthesized by sol-gel method and TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) with an anatase phasesynthesized through anodization of Ti foil as an anode electrode. Crystallographic structure and surface morphology of the cathode and anode materials were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical characterization of the Li-LiNa0.02K0.01FePO4/C and Li-TNAs half-cells and LiNa0.02K0.01FePO4/C-TNAs full-cell configuration was carried out through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge/discharge analysis. The operating potential and the first discharge capacity of the full cell were about 1.7 V and 127 mAhg-1 (at 0.5 C), respectively, and stayed stable for up to 100 cycles with limited capacity fading. Therefore, this system (full-cell) is characterized by enhanced electrochemical properties, a high safety level, remarkable environmental compatibility, long life and low cost. The preliminary results in this work suggest that the system may be suitable for using as environmental friendly hybrid, electric vehicles (EVs), and an alternative energy storage system for powering safe and stationary applications.